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26 mai 2015

News through publications up to May 25th 2015

 

JBP485 promotes tear and mucin secretion in ocular surface epithelia

Journal name: Scientific Reports Volume: 5, Article number: 10248 DOI: doi:10.1038/srep10248 Dry eye syndrome (DES) is one of the most frequently encountered ocular diseases. Epidemiological investigations have reported that it is prevalent in up to one-third of the population in some countries, making it a subject of growing importance related to public health1, 2, 3 .

http://www.nature.com

 

 

srep10248-f3

 

 

JBP485 promotes tear and mucin secretion in ocular surface epithelia

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Ophthalmology. 2015 May 20. pii: S0161-6420(15)00359-0. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.04.011. [Epub ahead of print]
Saboo US 1Amparo F 1Abud TB 1Schaumberg DA 2Dana R 3.

Author information: 

  • 1Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
  • 2Moran Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
  • 3Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: reza_dana@meei.harvard.edu.

 

Abstract
PURPOSE: 

To assess the vision-related quality of life (QOL) in a cohort of patients with ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

DESIGN: 

Prospective study.

PARTICIPANTS: 

Eighty-four patients diagnosed with chronic ocular GVHD.

METHODS: 

We assessed the vision-related QOL with the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). The symptoms of ocular GVHD were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE) questionnaires.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 

We assessed vision-related QOL with the NEI-VFQ-25 and compared the scores obtained from patients with ocular GVHD with those from a healthy population. In the ocular GVHD population, we also evaluated the associations between the NEI-VFQ-25 and the dry eye symptoms measured by the OSDI and SANDE questionnaires, age, duration of disease, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), tear break-up time, and Schirmer test.

RESULTS: 

The mean composite NEI-VFQ-25 score in patients with ocular GVHD was 76.5±17. Compared with healthy subjects, patients with ocular GVHD reported reduced scores on all NEI-VFQ-25 subscales (each P < 0.001) with the exception of color vision (P = 0.11). The NEI-VFQ-25 composite scores significantly correlated with OSDI (R = -0.81, P < 0.001), SANDE (R = -0.56, P < 0.001), CFS (R = -0.36, P = 0.001), and BCVA (R = -0.30, P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS: 

Patients with ocular GVHD experience measurable impairment of vision-related QOL. This study highlights the impact of ocular GVHD on the vision-related QOL, and thus the importance of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of this condition.

Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  PMID: 26001816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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2. Clin Ophthalmol. 2015 May 4;9:785-93. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S78918. eCollection 2015.

Author information: 

  • 1 Glaucoma Service, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
  • 2VieCuri Medisch Centrum, Venlo, the Netherlands.
  • 3Ziekenhuis Rivierenland, Tiel, the Netherlands.
  • 4Quinze-Vingts National Hospital and Vision Institute, Paris, France.

 

Abstract

While safe and effective treatments for glaucoma exist, their effectiveness is compromised by poor compliance. Patients who have problems with their topical glaucoma medication are acknowledged to be at higher risk for poor compliance, frequent medication switching, and surgery. Patient satisfaction with therapy and its associated benefits have until recently taken second place to efficacy. The present study is a transverse cross-sectional epidemiological survey among glaucoma patients receiving therapy with prostaglandin analogs. The primary objective was to determine and characterize patient satisfaction with glaucoma therapy, and the secondary objective was to identify factors that may contribute to poor patient satisfaction. Ophthalmologists in the Netherlands included 199 patients and 164 were analyzed. Patients were predominantly elderly with early, primary, open angle glaucoma. Eighty-nine percent of them stated they were satisfied or very satisfied with their treatment. However, signs of ocular surface disorder on ophthalmological examination were evident in 44% of patients, corneal fluorescein staining was positive in 28% of patients, and 38% of patients were using tear substitutes. The prevalence of blepharitis/meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye was more than twice as high after the commencement of therapy compared with before therapy. Univariate analysis revealed that patient dissatisfaction with their glaucoma therapy was statistically significantly (P<0.001) associated with the presence of ocular surface disease, hyperemia, ocular signs, symptoms upon and between instillation, and the use of tear substitutes. Apparently, patients in the present study are satisfied with their treatment; 89% expressed satisfaction compared with only 11% who professed dissatisfaction. The results suggest that even if local adverse events and ocular surface disease, in particular, contribute to glaucoma patient dissatisfaction, only a minority of patients expressed such dissatisfaction. At the time of the study, most (94%) of the patients included were receiving preserved preparations. Further studies should evaluate the influence of preservative on patient satisfaction. 

  PMID: 25999687 [PubMed]
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3. Ophthalmic Res. 2015 May 21;54(1):6-9. [Epub ahead of print]

Author information: 

  • 1Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C., USA.

 

Abstract
AIMS: 

To describe the number, type and location of ophthalmic companies and their associated product areas and indications.

METHODS: 

A retrospective, non-patient-based, observational review of ophthalmic pharmaceutical and device companies with a new product in development. Data was compiled by Internet searches.

RESULTS: 

We identified 190 companies currently developing ophthalmic products: 134 (71%) were privately held and 56 (29%) publicly held, while 136 (72%) were in the United States and 53 (28%) were outside the United States. There were 436 total products of which 338 (78%) were pharmaceuticals and 98 (22%) devices. With pharmaceuticals we identified 46 separate indications with age-related macular degeneration (n = 75), glaucoma (n = 52) and dry eye (n = 46) as most common; anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, hormone therapy and anti-inflammatory products were also common classes. With devices there were 30 indications with glaucoma (n = 26), age-related macular degeneration (n = 19) and dry eye (n = 6) as most common; drug delivery, ocular implants and prostheses were less common classes.

CONCLUSIONS: 

Ophthalmology as a specialty is benefited by a wide effort in new medicine and device development. However, a concentration of effort into relatively few indications suggests a potential lack of market analysis and possible difficulty for many companies in commercializing their product. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  PMID: 25999058 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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4. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015 May 18. pii: S0002-9394(15)00298-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.05.013. [Epub ahead of print]

Author information: 

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University and Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada.
  • 2Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University and Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada. Electronic address: baxters@queensu.ca.

 

Abstract
PURPOSE: 

To compare retention rates of Super Flex versus Parasol punctal plugs.

DESIGN: 

Randomized, double-masked, interventional controlled clinical trial.

METHODS: 

Institutional study at Hotel Dieu Hospital (Queen's University) of 50 eyes, from patients with moderate to severe dry eye. Each eye from eligible patients was separately randomized to receive Super Flex or Parasol punctal plugs. The main outcome measure was plug retention at 6 months. Secondary outcome measures included objective tests of Schirmer I (millimeters), tear meniscus height (mm), tear break up time (seconds), inferior fluorescein corneal staining (National Eye Institute scale), and average lissamine green conjunctival staining (NEI scale).

RESULTS: 

Punctal plug retention was significantly different at 6 months (p=0.011). Sixty eight percent of Parasol plugs were retained compared to 32% of Super Flex plugs. Parasol plugs required less frequent artificial tear use at 6 months (p=0.024). There was a statistically significant improvement in all secondary outcome measures (Schirmer, tear meniscus height, tear break up time, fluorescein corneal staining) at 6 months within plug groups except conjunctival staining. There were no additional significant differences between groups, and no plug complications reported.

CONCLUSIONS: 

Punctal plugs improve symptoms of moderate to severe dry eye however retention rates differ significantly. This data will allow us to guide patient decision making for the safe and effective treatment of punctal plugs for moderate to severe dry eye.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  PMID: 25998003 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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5. Sci Rep. 2015 May 21;5:10248. doi: 10.1038/srep10248.
Nakamura T 1Hata Y 2Nagata M 2Yokoi N 2Yamaguchi S 3Kaku T 3Kinoshita S 2.

Author information: 

  • 11] Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan [2] Research Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.
  • 2Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
  • 3Japan Bio Products Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.

 

Abstract

Dry eye syndrome (DES), a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface, is one of the most common ocular disorders. Tear film contains ocular mucins and is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the wet ocular surface. Since there are a limited number of clinical options for the treatment of DES, additional novel treatments are needed to improve the clinical results. In this study, we found that placental extract-derived dipeptide (JBP485) clearly promoted the expression and secretion of gel-forming mucin 5ac (Muc5ac) in rabbit conjunctival epithelium. JBP485 also elevated the expression level of cell surface-associated mucins (Muc1/4/16) in rabbit corneal epithelium. The Schirmer tear test results indicated that JBP485 induced tear secretion in the rabbit model. Moreover, JBP485 clinically improved corneal epithelial damage in a mouse dry eye model. Thus, our data indicate that JBP485 efficiently promoted mucin and aqueous tear secretion in rabbit ocular surface epithelium and has the potential to be used as a novel treatment for DES.

  PMID: 25996902 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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6. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2015 May;232(5):658-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1545829. Epub 2015 May 19.
[Article in German]

Author information: 

  • 1Kompetenzzentrum Okuläre GvHD, Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinik Köln.
  • 2AG Augenoberfläche, Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinik Köln.

 

Abstract

Therapy for ocular graft-vs-host disease (ocular GvHD) is challenging for ophthalmologists as progress of the disease often occurs rapidly and is unforeseeable. Primary goal is the preservation or restoration of visual acuity, however, studies on ocular GvHD that have investigated therapeutic concepts are limited. In contrast, most therapeutic recommendations from consensus conferences derive from studies on dry eye diseases other than ocular GvHD. This review demonstrates the available therapies in the following categories: local, systemic, surgical and prophylactic. Primary targets are anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis and lubrification of the ocular surface. In conclusion, studies strictly on ocular GvHD are needed to enable better evidence-based therapeutic decision-making in the future. 

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  PMID: 25989035 [PubMed - in process]
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7. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2015 May;232(5):652-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1545830. Epub 2015 May 19.
[Article in German]

Author information: 

  • 1Kompetenzzentrum Okuläre GvHD, Zentrum für Augenheilkunde, Uniklinik Köln.

 

Abstract

Ocular graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) is a major complication following allogenic blood stem cell transplantation (aBSCT) leading to a disturbance of the ocular surface integrity with a broad range of severity. Leading symptom is a pronounced autoinflammatory reaction in particular at the ocular surface with typical features of dry eye disease. Potential complications include visual loss, pain and damage to the ocular structures with, e. g. corneal ulcerations. Diagnosis and treatment of ocular GvHD are a challenge for attending ophthalmologists and require intensive interdisciplinary patient care in particular with haemato-oncologists. First and follow-up examinations consist of several diagnostic steps that include quantitative and qualitative analysis of tearfilm, visual acuity, ocular surface and retinal integrity, cataract development and subjective symptoms. Available tests are mostly evaluated for usage in dry eye diagnosis but are, however, mostly unspecific for diagnosing ocular GvHD reliably. Only combinations of several clinical tests together with the experience of specialised ophthalmologists may lead to the certain diagnosis and treatment decisions at state. This review illustrates the available established and innovative non-invasive diagnostic tests and evaluates their potential use for diagnosing ocular GvHD. 

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  PMID: 25989034 [PubMed - in process]
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8. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2015 May;232(5):647-51. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1545836. Epub 2015 May 19.
[Article in German]

Author information: 

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg.

 

Abstract
BACKGROUND: 

Ocular graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is mainly an inflammatory ocular surface disorder after allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with increasing incidence.

METHODS: 

We present an overview on clinical signs of ocular GvHD.

RESULTS: 

Ocular chronic GvHD representing a severe ocular surface disease is a long-term problem after allogeneic HSCT. It is not only associated with reduced quality of life because of dry eye symptoms but can also impair visual acuity and lead to blindness due to corneal complications. Patients with ocular GvHD are often resistant to therapy because of the severe dry eye disease and persistent inflammatory activity.

CONCLUSION: 

A multimodal and interdisciplinary therapy - in cooperation with the colleagues from haematology and oncology is important for the treatment of patients with ocular GvHD.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  PMID: 25989033 [PubMed - in process]
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9. Acta Neurol Scand. 2015 Feb;131(2):140-3. doi: 10.1111/ane.12357.

Author information: 

  • 1Multiple Sclerosis Center, II Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.

 

Abstract
BACKGROUND: 

Sjogren syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands with neurological involvement in about 20% of patients. The neurological manifestations in the central nervous system CNS may vary and include a multiple sclerosis (MS)-like disease, and the treatments with immunosuppressive drugs have been undertaken.

CASE PRESENTATION: 

We describe a case of 40-year-old woman with clinical and instrumental evidence of an MS characterized by numerous relapses and demyelinating lesions prevailing in the infratentorial and spinal cord. Immunological analysis showed biological data that were consistent with an SS. The treatment with fingolimod showed not only an optimal response to the demyelinating events but also biological parameters.

CONCLUSION: 

These data allow us to hypothesize possible combined efficacy of treatment with fingolimod in SS associated with definite MS.

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  PMID: 25622658 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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10. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2014 Sep;50(9):650-4.
[Article in Chinese]
Liang L 1Ke HLiu Z 2.

Author information: 

  • 1The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
  • 2Email: zuguoliu@xmu.edu.cn.

 

Abstract

Increased tear osmolarity is one of the core mechanisms of dry eye and has been considered as an important diagnostic criterion, if not"gold standard", of dry eye. However, recent studies showed the limitations of tear osmolarity measurement not only in the diagnosis, but also in the therapeutic efficacy evaluation of dry eye. The clinical significance of tear osmolarity measurement has become a hot topic of argument. Herein, we review the publications on this topic and try to find the underlying causes of such argument. 

  PMID: 25533555 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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11. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015 Mar;99(3):336-41. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305671. Epub 2014 Sep 24.

Author information: 

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU ViewMaintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC, Paris, France INSERM, U968, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, France.
  • 2Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU ViewMaintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC, Paris, France.
  • 3Department of Medical Biology, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France.
  • 4Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU ViewMaintain, INSERM-DHOS CIC, Paris, France INSERM, U968, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, France Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Versailles, France.

 

Abstract
AIMS: 

Demodex mites are implicated in several ocular surface diseases such as blepharitis, ocular rosacea and dry eye syndrome. Demodex eyelid infestation is classically diagnosed by analysing depilated eyelashes under the light microscope. The use of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) could be an easy way to improve its diagnosis. The ability of IVCM to identify Demodex was evaluated and compared with the classic depilation method.

METHODS: 

Eight healthy subjects, 22 patients with dry eye syndrome without anterior blepharitis and 18 patients with anterior blepharitis were examined using lower eyelid IVCM (lash follicles and meibomian glands (MGs)). Twenty-five of the 48 subjects underwent both an IVCM examination and classic depilation to compare the two methods. Ex vivo Demodex obtained from lash depilation were also analysed using the confocal microscope.

RESULTS: 

IVCM found 100% of the mite infestations among patients with anterior blepharitis, 60% among dry eye patients without blepharitis and 12% in healthy subjects, whereas the depilation technique found 100%, 50% and 0%, respectively. Demodex brevis and Demodex larvae inside the lash follicles were better detected by IVCM. In symptomatic patients, the Demodex infestation was often associated with MG dysfunction, which was better characterised using IVCM in symptomatic patients (60% and 40% of meibomianitis and gland fibrosis, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: 

IVCM is an efficient and reliable tool for the diagnosis of eyelid mite infestation and may also provide an evaluation of MGs.

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

  PMID: 25253768 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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12. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2014;15(6):535-41.

Author information: 

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 55, Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China. guixiu.shi@gmail.com.

 

Abstract

Primary Sjogren's Syndrome (pSS) is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune of unknown aetiology affecting exocrine glands, particularly the lacrimal and salivary glands. Growing evidence that B-cell depletion therapies are remarkably efficacious in the disorder indicate a major role for B-cell in the immunopathogenesis of pSS. B cell-targeted therapies have raised new therapy promise for they interact with B-cell homeostasis. Anti-CD20 therapy is the unique effective non-symptomatic therapy used in pSS. Growing data suggest Rituximab a promising candidate for pSS therapy. We performed a search for publications on Rituximab in the treatment of pSS to explicate pathogenetic function of B cells and assesse the efficacy in glandular symptoms, systemic manifestations and laboratory parameters in pSS patients. However, the efficiency on glandular manifestations is rather disappointing and controversial. Whether pSS patients with a reasonable residual salivary flow and/or with shorter disease duration will benefit most from Rituximab treatment still remains unclear. Fatigue is the symptom that responds best to Rituximab therapy compared with other systematical involvements. The efficiency in laboratory parameters is unsatisfactory. 

  PMID: 25213362 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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13. Eye Sci. 2011 Mar;26(1):23-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4432.2011.01.006.

Author information: 

  • 1Institute of Ocular Pharmacology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA.

 

Abstract
PURPOSE: 

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as a disease entity is "dry" at early stage and made up of two main components at late stage: atrophic AMD and exudative AMD. Quercetin acts as an anti-oxidant to protect retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) from damaged by oxidative stress, but its effect on formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in AMD is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of quercetin on the formation of CNV in AMD.

METHODS: 

The development of CNV induced by laser was detected by fluorescein angiography (FA). Colored microsphere technique was used to determine the choroidal blood flow in ocular hypertensive rabbit eyes. In in vitro studies, HUVECs were treated with NaIO3, H2O2 and NaN3 to induce oxidative cell damages. The effect of quercetin on various oxidations-induced injuries in HUVECs was measured by MTT assay. HUVECs migration was assessed using a wound healing assay.

RESULTS: 

Quercetin significantly inhibited the formation of laser-induced CNV. The choroidal blood flow in rabbit eyes was significantly increased after quercetin instillation. In vitro results showed quercetin enhanced various oxidations-induced injuries in HUVECs and inhibited migration of HUVECs during wound healing.

CONCLUSION: 

Quercetin inhibited the formation of CNV both in vivo and in vitro and increased choroidal blood flow. It could become a promising candidate for the treatment of AMD.

  PMID: 21425492 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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