NEW PUBLICATIONS UPTO OCT. 24TH 2015
NEW PUBLICATIONS UPTO OCT. 24TH 2015
Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, the seronegative spondyloarthropathies, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, giant cell arteritis, and Graves' disease are autoimmune disorders commonly encountered by family physicians. These autoimmune disorders can have devastating systemic and ocular effects. Ocular symptoms may include dry or red eyes, foreign-body sensation, pruritus, photophobia, pain, visual changes, and even complete loss of vision.
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1. | Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2015 Oct 22. [Epub ahead of print]
Generali E1, Cantarini L2, Selmi C3,4.
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Abstract
Eye involvement represents a common finding in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, seronegative spondyloarthropathy, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. The eye is a privileged immune site but commensal bacteria are found on the ocular surface. The eye injury may be inflammatory, vascular or infectious, as well as iatrogenic, as in the case of hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, corticosteroids, and bisphosphonates. Manifestations may affect different components of the eye, with episcleritis involving the episclera, a thin layer of tissue covering the sclera; scleritis being an inflammation of the sclera potentially leading to blindness; keratitis, referring to corneal inflammation frequently associated with scleritis; and uveitis as the inflammation of the uvea, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, subdivided into anterior, posterior, or panuveitis. As blindness may result from the eye involvement, clinicians should be aware of the possible manifestations and their management also independent of the ophthalmologist opinion as the therapeutic approach generally points to the underlying diseases. In some cases, the eye involvement may have a diagnostic implication, as for episcleritis in rheumatoid arthritis, or acute anterior uveitis in seronegative spondyloarthritis. Nonetheless, some conditions lack specificity, as in the case of dry eye which affects nearly 30 % of the general population. The aim of this review is to elucidate to non-ophthalmologists the major ocular complications of rheumatic diseases and their specific management and treatment options. |
PMID: 26494481 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] | |
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2. | Cornea. 2015 Jun;34(6):693-7. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000435.
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Abstract
PURPOSE:
Tear fluid contains antioxidative compounds, vitamin C, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and lactoferrin (LF), which protect the corneal epithelium from the effects of ultraviolet irradiation, direct airflow, and chemical agents. However, these natural defenses against oxidative stress can decrease, favoring the development of anterior eye disorders, such as keratoconus, dry eye, and Sjögren syndrome. LF is an iron-binding glycoprotein, present in mammalian secretions such as tears and milk, endowed with different physiological functions such as antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. In this work, we studied the capability of different soft contact lenses to adsorb and release LF to restore cellular viability in oxidative stress conditions. METHODS:
Three types of contact lenses (filcon V, galyfilcon A, and filcon IB) were loaded with LF and then incubated with TsA or human corneal epithelial primary cells. After oxidative stress induction with 250 μM or 125 μM H2O2, cell viability was evaluated. RESULTS:
Data showed that the highest quantity of LF loaded in contact lenses was between 61 μg (for filcon V) and 39 μg (for filcon IB); the release was between 49% and 100% of protein adsorbed. LF released from contact lenses maintained its antioxidant activity at least for 24 hours and was able to protect human epithelial cells from the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS:
These results demonstrate that LF-loaded contact lenses could represent a new therapeutic approach to treat ocular surface pathologies characterized by high levels of oxidative stress. |
PMID: 25961493 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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3. | Can J Ophthalmol. 2015 Apr;50(2):132-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2014.11.006.
Saade CE1, Lari HB2, Berezina TL2, Fechtner RD2, Khouri AS3.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association between the intensity and duration of glaucoma topical therapy and severity of signs and symptoms of ocular surface disease (OSD). DESIGN:
Single-site, prospective, controlled, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS:
Sixty-one patients with no diagnosis of or previous treatment for OSD were identified. METHODS:
Patients were assigned to 2 groups: the glaucoma group with 31 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma and using at least 1 topical intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication and the control group including 30 patients with no diagnosis of glaucoma or history of topical therapy usage. The right eye of each patient was arbitrarily chosen. Each patient completed an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent evaluation of the ocular surface by conjunctival and corneal lissamine green (LG) staining and tear breakup time (TBUT). The intensity index (drops/wk × therapy duration in years) was calculated to quantify the topical therapy. RESULTS:
OSDI scores of the glaucoma group correlated to the intensity index (r = 0.46, CI 0.13-0.69). The glaucoma group had a higher mean OSDI score than the control group (18.97 ± 9.5 versus 6.25 ± 5.7, p = 5.85E-08). Abnormal TBUT and LG staining scores were prevalent in the glaucoma group compared with the control group (68% vs 17%, p = 0.000078; 65% vs 3%, p = 2.9E-07). CONCLUSIONS:
Patients on glaucoma therapy have a greater prevalence of OSD symptoms, and their intensity index correlates to the OSDI score. The intensity index reflects quantitatively the amount of treatment and can be further validated in future studies as a predicting tool for OSD development. Copyright © 2015 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
PMID: 25863853 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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4. | Planta Med. 2015 Jan;81(2):130-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1383411. Epub 2015 Jan 15.
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Abstract
Dendrobium officinale is an herbal medicine that has been clinically used to promote body fluid production. Previous works demonstrated that D. officinale polysaccharides could ameliorate symptoms of salivary secretion of patients with Sjögren's syndrome and in a respective mice model. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanism by which D. officinale polysaccharides activate M3 muscarinic receptors and induce extracellular calcium influx, leading to the translocation of aquaporin 5, a water channel protein, to the apical membrane of human submandibular gland epithelial cells. Enzymatic treatment of D. officinale polysaccharides suggested that they are hydrolyzed but do not permeate cell membranes. This finding supports the pharmacological activity of D. officinale polysaccharides to promote salivary secretion. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York. |
PMID: 25590366 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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5. | Nutrients. 2014 Oct 17;6(10):4404-20. doi: 10.3390/nu6104404.
Richer S1, Patel S2, Sockanathan S3, Ulanski LJ 2nd4, Miller L5, Podella C6.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Longevinex® (L/RV) is a low dose hormetic over-the-counter (OTC) oral resveratrol (RV) based matrix of red wine solids, vitamin D3 and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) with established bioavailability, safety, and short-term efficacy against the earliest signs of human atherosclerosis, murine cardiac reperfusion injury, clinical retinal neovascularization, and stem cell survival. We previously reported our short-term findings for dry and wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. Today we report long term (two to three year) clinical efficacy. METHODS:
We treated three patients including a patient with an AMD treatment resistant variant (polypoidal retinal vasculature disease). We evaluated two clinical measures of ocular structure (fundus autofluorescent imaging and spectral domain optical coherence extended depth choroidal imaging) and qualitatively appraised changes in macular pigment volume. We further evaluated three clinical measures of visual function (Snellen visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and glare recovery to a cone photo-stress stimulus). RESULTS:
We observed broad bilateral improvements in ocular structure and function over a long time period, opposite to what might be expected due to aging and the natural progression of the patient's pathophysiology. No side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS:
These three cases demonstrate that application of epigenetics has long-term efficacy against AMD retinal disease, when the retinal specialist has exhausted other therapeutic modalities. |
PMID: 25329968 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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6. | Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2015 Apr;43(3):214-20. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12431. Epub 2014 Oct 2.
Goldberg I1, Graham SL, Crowston JG, d'Mellow G; Australian and New Zealand Glaucoma Interest Group.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Ocular surface disease (OSD) is relatively common in glaucoma patients. OSD symptoms could be linked to prolonged exposure to preservatives in anti-glaucoma medications, especially benzalkonium chloride (BAK). The OBSERVE clinical audit was designed to track the impact of intraocular pressure lowering medications in patients with evidence of OSD to test the hypothesis that BAK-free anti-glaucoma preparations offer clinical advantages over BAK-containing products. DESIGN:
Prospective clinical audit from March 2012 to April 2013, open to ophthalmologists practising in Australia. PARTICIPANTS:
There were 375 patients enrolled, with a completion rate of 64%. The cohort was predominantly female (68%) with an average age of 71 years. METHODS:
Patients were screened for inclusion during a routine consultation. If eligible, they were enrolled. At the ophthalmologist's discretion, some patients were switched to BAK-free anti-glaucoma products. Data were collected via an online survey completed by the ophthalmologist during three appointments over a 16- to 30-week period for all patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Intraocular pressure, tear-film breakup time, McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire score and reported lubricant use. RESULTS:
Patients who switched to BAK-free preparations reported a significant fall in the use of lubricants (P = <0.001). Patients in both groups experienced a significant improvement in McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire score (P = <0.0001). The percentage of patients with low tear-film breakup time decreased significantly in both groups (P = 0.0001). There was no significant change in intraocular pressure from pre-study levels for either group (P = 0.105). CONCLUSIONS:
BAK-free anti-glaucoma preparations were associated with a change in lubricant use, suggesting reduction in some OSD symptoms, but more research is needed. © 2014 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists. |
PMID: 25196488 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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7. | Rheumatol Int. 2015 Feb;35(2):233-41. doi: 10.1007/s00296-014-3072-5. Epub 2014 Jul 2.
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Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder with external exocrine glands dysfunction and multiorgan involvement. The pathogenesis of primary Sjogren's syndrome is still unclear; however, our knowledge of the involvement of different cells (e.g., B and T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells) and pathways (BAFF/APRIL and interferons) leading to the development of autoimmunity is continually expanding. For clinicians, the most frequent symptoms are dryness of eyes and mouth, but often the patients have musculoskeletal symptoms and systemic manifestations. However, the increased risk of lymphoproliferative disorders in this group of patients, most commonly B-cell marginal zone lymphoma, is particularly important. Recent separation of IgG4-related diseases and attempts to create further diagnostic criteria for pSS testify to the difficulties, and at the same time a large interest, in understanding the disease so as to allow the effective treatment. This article draws attention to the problems faced by the clinician wishing to securely identify pSS by using accurate laboratory biomarkers and useful imaging tools and predict the development of complications associated with this, still not fully understood, autoimmune disease. |
PMID: 24985362 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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8. | Rheumatol Int. 2015 Feb;35(2):243-53. doi: 10.1007/s00296-014-3066-3. Epub 2014 Jun 22.
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Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease with severe, tremendously incapacitating, consequences in the patient's health and wellbeing. Until 2004, NMO was considered a restricted type of multiple sclerosis but in the same year an auto-antibody reacting against aquaporin-4 (NMO-IgG) was found to be related with NMO and it was considered the main etiologic agent of this disease. Its detection is very sensitive and specific allowing an early diagnosis and a better treatment and prognosis. With this tool, a spectrum of diseases including other autoimmune diseases was found to have NMO-IgG antibodies and a new classification named NMO spectrum disorders was created. In this review, we sum up the developments in this field associated with other autoimmune diseases. We approach the latest discoveries in the diagnosis like the new biomarkers that will possibly be used in the close future or the developments in the neuroimaging techniques. We reviewed the literature and synthesized case reports of NMO patients with concurrent autoimmune diseases and the information from useful larger studies. Finally, we summarize the commonly used treatments in NMO and we try to specify the best treatment for NMO with simultaneous autoimmune disease. This review updates the information about this issue and raises the awareness of rheumatologists for these severe diseases. |
PMID: 24952418 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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9. | Curr Eye Res. 2015 Mar;40(3):267-73. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.917192. Epub 2014 May 15.
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Abstract
PURPOSE:
To develop a contact lens system that will control the release of an osmoprotectant and a moisturizing agent with the aim to reduce symptoms of ocular dryness. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Profiles of the release of osmoprotectant betaine and moisturizing agent dexpanthenol from senofilcon A and narafilcon B contact lenses were determined in vitro under sink conditions. Both types of lenses were also infused with vitamin E to increase the duration of drug release due to the formation of the vitamin E diffusion barriers in the lenses. The release profiles from vitamin E-infused lenses were compared with those from the control lenses. RESULTS:
Both dexpanthenol and betaine are released from commercial silicone hydrogel lenses for only about 10 min. Vitamin E loadings into contact lenses at about 20-23% can increase the release times to about 10 h, which is about 60 times larger compared to the control unmodified lenses. CONCLUSIONS:
Vitamin E-loaded silicone hydrogel contact lenses released betaine and dexpanthenol in a controlled fashion. |
PMID: 24833321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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10. | Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2014 Jun;89(6):250-3. doi: 10.1016/j.oftal.2013.05.005. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
[Article in Spanish]
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Abstract
CLINICAL CASE:
We report 2 cases of patients affected by non-infectious corneal macroperforations treated with TachoSil(®) and Tutopach(®), which closed the defect. DISCUSSION:
This procedure is an excellent choice for the emergency treatment of corneal perforation, especially in those centres that have no other therapeutic options, preserving the eye and visual acuity. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Oftalmología. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved. |
PMID: 24269434 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | |
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